DNA-RNA-Protein

DNA carries the genetic information of a cell and consists of thousands of genes. Each gene serves as a recipe on how to build a protein molecule. Proteins perform important tasks for the cell functions or serve as building blocks. The flow of information from the genes determines the protein composition and thereby the functions of the cell.

The DNA is situated in the nucleus, organized into chromosomes. Every cell must contain the genetic information and the DNA is therefore duplicated before a cell divides (replication). When proteins are needed, the corresponding genes are transcribed into RNA (transcription). The RNA is first processed so that non-coding parts are removed (processing) and is then transported out of the nucleus (transport). Outside the nucleus, the proteins are built based upon the code in the RNA (translation).

http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna/index.html

RNA

Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid made from a long chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate. RNA is very similar to DNA, but differs in a few important structural details: in the cell RNA is usually single stranded, while DNA is usually double stranded. RNA nucleotides contain ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and in RNA the nucleotide uracil substitutes for thymine, which is present in DNA.

RNA is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and is generally further processed by other enzymes. Some of these RNA-processing enzymes contain RNA as part of their structures. RNA is also central to the translation of some RNAs into proteins. In this process, a type of RNA called messenger RNA carries information from DNA to structures called ribosomes. These ribosomes are made from proteins and ribosomal RNAs, which come together to form a molecular machine that can read messenger RNAs and translate the information they carry into proteins. It has also been known since the 1990s that several types of RNA regulate which genes are active.

A hairpin loop from a pre-mRNA. Notice its nitrogen-rich (blue) bases and oxygen-rich (red) backbone.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

Pioneer's 1080p KURO Plasma HDTV - Has Tube TV Finally Met Its Match?

The best CRT (cathode ray tube) televisions ever made were created toward the end of that technology's life span. Early 21st century 34-inch widescreen CRT sets from Sony and 38-inch sets from Loewe presented stunning HDTV images, earned rave reviews from consumers and press alike, and spoiled us while new technologies such as LCD and plasma tried (and failed) to catch up in picture quality. Oh sure, flat panels had their sex appeal (just try to hang a tube TV on the wall), modern conveniences like HDMI inputs, and size advantages, but tube TVs ruled the roost for black level reproduction and contrast. Now I do believe I have seen a set that is a worthy successor to the venerable tube: Pioneer's KURO plasma flat panel.

KURO, roughly translated from the Japanese, means "Really Really BLACK!" And they're not kidding. The single element that can make or break a television, in terms of its portrayal of 3-dimensional images that seem to pop right off the screen is its portrayal of deep, rich blacks. And Pioneer's KURO line has gone where no flat panel has gone before in the reproduction of this difficult shade. When compared side by side even to last year's excellent Pro-FHD1 1080p plasma model, the new 50-inch Pioneer Elite PRO-110FD ($6000, now shipping) presents even richer, more vivid colors, exceptional detail and velvety smooth blacks, so deep they appear to absorb, rather than reflect, ambient light.

Pioneer's Elite Kuro PRO-150FD presents 60 inches of full HD pure plasma goodness.

I don't normally rave about products at trade shows (frankly, because most products don't reach their potential in this cacophonous, brightly lit environment), but to my eyes, the KURO sets presented the most vibrant and enjoyable flat panel images at the show. In the darkened demo environment, the set looked excellent, but even out on the showroom floor, the KURO stood out from the competition, not only in picture quality but in sleek cabinet design. Even the Pioneer logo has been given the high-end treatment with the badge appearing in inlaid metallic finish within the center of the HDTV's frame, rather than as a stuck-on plastic badge.

Pioneer's new KURO plasma HDTV line includes 720p and 1080p models, starting with the 42-inch PDP-4280HD (1024x768 resolution, $2700) up to the 60-inch Elite PRO-150FD (1920x1080 resolution, $7500).


http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/pioneer-kuro-plasma-hdtv-1233.shtml

Pioneer KURO PDP-5010FD

Pricing

Expensive: $4000

Wall-Mount Kit, If Not Included in Unit Price - $199

Performance

Good: 78

PC World Tests
Interface Tested	HDMI
High-Definition Image Quality	Good
Standard-TV Image Quality	Good
DVD Image Quality	Good
Color Quality	Very Good
Brightness and Contrast	Good
Detail	Good
Overall Quality	Good

Features

Good: 75

Screen Specs
Diagonal (inches)	50
Native Resolution (pixels)	1920-by-1080
Antiglare	Yes
TV Technology	Plasma

Dimensions
Depth (inches)	28.44
Height (inches)	4.7
Width (inches)	48.5
Weight (pounds)	84.9

Features and Characteristics
Cabinet Colors	Black
Speaker Type	Yes
CableCard Ready	Yes
Primary Color Controls	Yes
Reset to Factory Settings	Yes
HD Formats	720p, 1080i, 1080p
NTSC Tuner	0
ATSC Tuner	2
Remote Control	IR
Picture in Picture	Yes

Inputs
RF Coaxial Input	2
VGA Input	1
Composite Input	3
S-Video Input	1
Component Input	2
DVI Input	0
DVI Output	0
HDMI Input	4
HDMI Output	0
RCA Audio Input	1
RCA Audio Output	0
Optical Input	0
Optical Output	1
Other Interfaces	Monitor Audio LR; Subwoofer; SR+, Headphone; Home Gallery: Digital Photo Viewer via USB

Physical Adjustments
Panel Tilt	No
Panel Pivot	No
Height-Adjustable Base	No
Swivel	No
Wall-Mountable	Yes
Included Wall-Mount Kit	No

Support & Reliability
Labor Warranty (years)	One
Parts Warranty (years)	One
Weekday Support Hours	10.5
Saturday Support Hours	8.5
Sunday Support Hours	8.5
Toll-Free Support	Yes

Design

Good: 79


http://www.pcworld.com/product/specs/id,31074/pioneer_kuro_pdp5010fd.html

Pioneer PDP-4280HD 42-inch 720p Plasma HDTV

Product Features

• 4 Independent HDMI Inputs (HDMI 1.3) with 1080p 24/60Hz Compatibility
• Fully Integrated Media Receiver with Dual NTSC and ATSC Tuner
• TV Guide On-Screen® Interactive Program Guide for easy navigation of TV program services
• ASIC video processing and scaling for the ultimate in Standard-Definition and High-Definition video performance
• New Optimum Video Mode with optical light sensor for automated adjustment of picture in both varying light conditions and by program content such as movies- news- sports- etc

Technical Details

• Model Number: PDP-4280HD
• Plasma technology
• High-definition resolution: XGA - 1024 x 768
• Screen size: 42 inches diagonal
• Aspect ratio: 16:9 (wide-screen)
• New cell structure/crystal emissive layer: Yes
• New filter with enhanced contrast: Yes
• New ASIC Video processing and scaling: Yes
• Detachable bottom speaker: Yes
• Speakers: 17-watt stereo digital amplifier with TruBass 2-way stereo speakers
• Plasma features
• New optimum video mode: Yes
• New smooth film motion mode: Yes
• New room light sensor : Off/On
• Advanced PureCinema with 3:3 pulldown: Yes
• Fully Integrated ATSC and dual NTSC tuners: Yes
• Built-In CableCard slot: Yes
• V-Chip parental control: Yes
• TV Guide On Screen Interactive Guide Ver. 9: Yes
• Remote control: Glow in the dark/preset mode
• Picture settings
• A/V selection memory: 6 options: optimum/dynamic/standard/movie/game/user (PC input: only standard and user)
• Aspect ratio control: 5 positions (wide/zoom/cinema/full/4:3 )
• Advanced Picture-In-Picture: 4 positions
• Still picture capability: Yes
• Seamless Orbiter: Off/On
• Auto size: Off/ natural/wide-zoom
• Side mask detection: Off/On
• Side mask brightness: Fixed/auto
• Video pattern: White bar
• Game control preference: AV Selection only, Off/On
• Video processing technology
• DRE : Off/high/mid/low
• Black level: Off/On
• ACL: Off/On
• Enhance mode: 1/2/3
• Gamma: 1/2/3
• Color temperature adjustment: High/mid/low
• 3D digital noise reduction: High/mid/low
• Field noise reduction: Off/high/mid/low
• Block noise reduction: Yes
• Mosquito noise reduction: Yes
• Tuner noise reduction: Yes
• Digital CTI - Color Transient Improver: Off/On
• Video and audio inputs: 4 x HDMI 1.3 (with PC support, 2 with analog audio), 2 x component video, 3 x composite video, 1 x S-Video, 1 x antenna A/B
• Video and audio outputs: 1 x optical digital audio (Dolby Digital/PCM) , 1 x audio line-out, 1 x monitor audio LR, 1 x subwoofer, 1 x SR+, 1 x 3.5-millimeter headphone
• Other interface: USB, RS-232C
• Dimensions: 46.25 x 33.0 x 14.25 inches (W x H x D)
• Dimensions with speaker: 40.9 x 26.75 x 4.5 inches (W x H x D)
• Weight: 65.9 pounds
• Weight with speaker and stand: 69.7 pounds
• Warranty: 1-year limited warranty

http://www.amazon.com/Pioneer-PDP-4280HD-42-inch-720p-Plasma/dp/tech-data/B000RQ5K2A/ref=de_a_smtd